Vaginal and vulvar cancer
Vaginal and vulvar cancer are very closely related – the main difference is where the cancer starts. Vaginal cancer starts in the vagina which is also called the birth canal. This is the tube that goes from the uterus to the outside of the body. Vulvar cancer starts in the vulva which includes the lips of the vagina, the sensitive tissue between those lips called the clitoris, and the opening of the vagina.
Cancer of the vagina or vulva is often curable when it is found early.
Causes of vaginal and vulvar cancer
Vaginal and vulvar cancer occur when abnormal cells grow out of control in the vagina or the vulva.
Symptoms of vaginal and vulvar cancer
Most vaginal and vulvar cancers do not cause symptoms in their earliest stages, but if there are symptoms they may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
- Blood in the urine or stool
- Pelvic pain
- Itching or burning on the vulva that does not go away
- Sores, lumps, or warts on the vulva that do not go away
Diagnosing vaginal and vulvar cancer
The Pap test does not screen for vaginal and vulvar cancer, only for cervical cancer. That’s why it’s so important to be aware of any changes in your body that are not normal for you. Visit your doctor regularly for a pelvic exam when he or she can look for signs of vaginal or vulvar cancer.
Treating vaginal and vulvar cancer
Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the vulva or vagina. It may also include radiation, which uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells, or chemotherapy, which uses medicines. You may have one type of treatment or a combination of treatments, depending on many factors including the size and extent of your cancer.
Being treated for cancer can weaken your body, and you may feel very tired. Talk with your doctor about home treatment and certain medicines that can relieve some of your symptoms and help you feel better.
Your doctor understands that you may feel overwhelmed when facing cancer treatment. Be assured that he or she will guide you in making any treatment decisions and support you before, during, and after treatment.